The images showing how to kill most effectively depending on the game being hunted relay an intimate knowledge of both external and internal anatomy as well as the relative importance of organs. ![]() The ancient societies that were rooted in India left behind artwork on how to kill animals during a hunt. Galen, for example, dissected the Barbary macaque and other primates, assuming their anatomy was basically the same as that of humans, and supplemented these observations with knowledge of human anatomy which he acquired while tending to wounded gladiators. For a time, Roman law forbade dissection and autopsy of the human body, so anatomists relied on the cadavers of animals or made observations of human anatomy from injuries of the living. While there was a deep taboo in Greek culture concerning human dissection, there was at the time a strong push by the Ptolemaic government to build Alexandria into a hub of scientific study. During this period, the first exploration into full human anatomy was performed rather than a base knowledge gained from 'problem-solution' delving. Human dissections were carried out by the Greek physicians Herophilus of Chalcedon and Erasistratus of Chios in the early part of the third century BC. Engraving made in Venice, 1565 Classical antiquity Galen (129–c.200 AD), Opera omnia, dissection of a pig. If pathological connections exist, such as a fibrous pericardium, then this may be deliberately dissected along with the organ. For example, when removing the heart, connects such as the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava are separated. Dissection of individual organs involves accessing the area in which the organ is situated, and systematically removing the anatomical connections of that organ to its surroundings. The Rokitansky method involves an in situ dissection of the organ block, and the technique of Ghon involves dissection of three separate blocks of organs - the thorax and cervical areas, gastrointestinal and abdominal organs, and urogenital organs. This technique allows a body to be sent to a funeral director without waiting for the sometimes time-consuming dissection of individual organs. An alternative more cumbersome technique involves the removal of the entire organ body, called the Letulle technique. Most dissection involves the careful isolation and removal of individual organs, called the Virchow technique. This preparation is sometimes called prosection. A "prepared" specimen may be preserved in solutions such as formalin and pre-dissected by an experienced anatomist, sometimes with the help of a diener. A "fresh" specimen may be dissected within some days, retaining the characteristics of a living specimen, for the purposes of training. When provided, they are evaluated for use as a "fresh" or "prepared" specimen. Specimens are dissected in morgues or anatomy labs. Prevention of transmission includes the wearing of protective gear, ensuring the environment is clean, dissection technique and pre-dissection tests to specimens for the presence of HIV and hepatitis viruses. Ī key principle in the dissection of human cadavers is the prevention of human disease to the dissector. ĭissection is used to help to determine the cause of death in autopsy (called necropsy in other animals) and is an intrinsic part of forensic medicine. In medical schools, students dissect human cadavers to learn anatomy. Dissection is practised by students in courses of biology, botany, zoology, and veterinary science, and sometimes in arts studies. ![]() ![]() Plant and animal bodies are dissected to analyze the structure and function of its components. In the field of surgery, the term "dissection" or "dissecting" means more specifically to the practice of separating an anatomical structure (an organ, nerve or blood vessel) from its surrounding connective tissue in order to minimize unwanted damage during a surgical procedure. Objections to the use of cadavers have led to the use of alternatives including virtual dissection of computer models. Consequently, dissection is typically conducted in a morgue or in an anatomy lab.ĭissection has been used for centuries to explore anatomy. Less extensive dissection of plants and smaller animals preserved in a formaldehyde solution is typically carried out or demonstrated in biology and natural science classes in middle school and high school, while extensive dissections of cadavers of adults and children, both fresh and preserved are carried out by medical students in medical schools as a part of the teaching in subjects such as anatomy, pathology and forensic medicine. Autopsy is used in pathology and forensic medicine to determine the cause of death in humans. Dissection (from Latin dissecare "to cut to pieces" also called anatomization) is the dismembering of the body of a deceased animal or plant to study its anatomical structure.
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